关于维护医院秩序的若干规定
北京市政府 市卫生局 市公安局
关于维护医院秩序的若干规定
市政府 市卫生局 市公安局
为维护医院秩序，保障医疗工作正常进行，根据卫生部、公安部《关于维护医院秩序的联合通告》，作如下规定∶
一、凡到医院（包括诊所等各类医疗服务机构，下同）就诊的人员及其陪同（住），探视人员，应遵守下列规定∶
1、保持医院安静、清洁，不准喧哗打闹，不准随地吐痰和乱扔乱倒废弃物等。门（急）诊室和病房内禁止吸烟。
2、看病和住院，应按医院规定挂号、交费和办理手续。诊治完毕，及时离开医院。
3、听从医护人员安排，检查、治疗、用药、会诊、转诊、住院。出具诊断证明书或休假证明等，由诊治医生决定。
4、遵守住院、探视等制度。未经医生同意，住院和留院观察人员的家属及其他陪同人员，不得陪住或在门（急）诊室留宿。
二、病人及其家属等人与医院因医疗问题发生争议的，可向医院所在地的区、县医疗事故鉴定委员会申请鉴定，或依法向人民法院起诉。
三、死亡病人的尸体，由医院按规定处置。在医院存放一般不超过3天，特殊情况最多不超过7天。死者家属或其生前所在单位逾期仍不处理的，医院可代为火化，尸体存放、移送、火化等项费用，由死者家属或其生前所在单位负担。
四、医院工作人员应当模范遵守本规定，改进服务态度，提高服务质量。
医院应指定人员维护就诊挂号秩序，制止倒卖号牌和其他扰乱秩序的行为。
医院应指定机构或专人负责接待群众来信来访，对批评意见，应实事求是地答复和解决。
五、对不遵守本规定的，医院工作人员和其他公民均有权予以劝阻或制止。对不听劝阻或制止，扰乱医院正常工作秩序，或寻衅滋事，辱骂、殴打他人、故意损坏公私财物的，由公安机关依照《中华人民共和国治安管理处罚条例》予以处罚。造成医院或他人经济损失的，应予赔偿，触
犯刑律的，依法追究刑事责任。
六、本规定经市人民政府批准，自1987年6月1日起施行。
北京市卫生局
北京市公安局
1987年5月20日
关于印发《可再生能源与新能源国际科技合作计划》的通知
科学技术部 国家发展和改革委员会
关于印发《可再生能源与新能源国际科技合作计划》的通知
国务院各部委、各直属机构有关司局，各省、自治区、直辖市、副省级市科技厅（委、局）：
根据《国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要（2006—2020年）》，为充分利用全球科技资源，提高我国可再生能源与新能源的基础研究水平，解决可再生能源与新能源发展中的关键科技问题，加强我国与世界各国在可再生能源与新能源方面的国际科技合作，推进可再生能源与新能源的国际化进程，科技部、国家发改委共同制定了《可再生能源与新能源国际科技合作计划》（见附件），现印发你单位，请结合各地实际，积极推动实施。
附件：可再生能源与新能源国际科技合作计划
科学技术部 国家发展和改革委员会
二〇〇七年九月二十二日
附件：可再生能源与新能源国际科技合作计划.pdf
International Science and Technology
Cooperation Program on New and Renewable Energy 0
目录/Contents
一、背景 ............................................................................. 4
I. Background .............................................................. 5
二、宗旨 ............................................................................ 8
II. Purposes .................................................................. 9
三、原则 ........................................................................... 10
III. Principles ............................................................. 11
四、目标 .......................................................................... 12
IV. Objectives ............................................................ 13
五、优先领域 ................................................................... 14
V. Priority Areas ........................................................ 15
六、重点任务 .................................................................. 16
VI. Major Tasks ......................................................... 17
七、组织与管理 .............................................................. 20
VII. Organization and Management .......................... 21
0 可再生能源与新能源国际科技合作计划
可再生能源与新能源
国际科技合作计划
可再生能源与新能源作为清洁、可持续利用的能
源，为解决人类未来能源供应问题提供了重要的途径和
手段。为提升可再生能源与新能源在中国和全球的发展
和应用技术水平，共同应对全球气候变化，节约能源资
源，实现经济社会可持续发展，建设和谐世界，加强中
国与世界各国在可再生能源与新能源方面的国际科技合
作，特制定“可再生能源与新能源国际科技合作计划”
（以下简称“计划”）。本计划所称可再生能源与新能
源主要包括太阳能、风能、生物质能、地热能、海洋能
以及氢能、天然气水合物等。
International Science and Technology
Cooperation Program on New and Renewable Energy 0
International Science and Technology
Cooperation Program on New and
Renewable Energy
As clean and sustainable resources, new and renewable energy
presents important solutions to future energy supply. The International
Science and Technology Cooperation Program on New and
Renewable Energy (hereinafter referred to as the Program) is
introduced with an aim to:
l advance the development and application of new and renewable
energy technologies in China and around the world;
l pool efforts to tackle global climate change, save energy resources
for sustainable socio-economic development and a harmonious world;
l and promote science and technology (S&T) cooperation between
China and other countries in this regard.
In the Program , the term “new and renewable energy” mainly refers to
solar energy, wind energy, biomass energy, geothermal energy, ocean
energy, hydrogen energy, gas hydrate, and the like.
0 可再生能源与新能源国际科技合作计划
背景
一、背景
当今社会主要依赖于传统的化石能源，全球总能耗
的74%来自煤炭、石油、天然气等矿物能源。化石能源
的应用推动了社会的发展，但资源却在日益耗尽。同时
化石能源的无节制使用，造成了严重的环境污染和气候
变化问题。世界各国纷纷把发展可再生能源与新能源作
为未来能源战略的重要组成部分，截止到目前，全球有
三十多个发达国家和十几个发展中国家制定了本国的可
再生能源发展目标。
各国都清楚地认识到，能源问题是一个全球性问
题，需要国际社会的共同努力。加强国际科技合作，
大力发展可再生能源与新能源，已经成为各国增加能源
供给，促进节能降耗，保障能源安全，减少温室气体排
放，发展低碳经济，实现经济与社会可持续发展的共同
选择。《京都议定书》的正式生效和清洁发展机制的提
出，为发展可再生能源与新能源，促进这一领域的国际
International Science and Technology
Cooperation Program on New and Renewable Energy 0
Background
I. Background
The current world is heavily dependent on fossil fuels which account
for 74% of the global energy consumption in the form of coal,
petroleum, natural gas, etc. Though providing momentum to social
progress, such resources are on the verge of exhaustion and their
excessive use has given rise to severe environmental pollution and
climate change. Hence countries around the world have identified
the development of new and renewable energy as an integral part of
their future energy strategies. Up till now, over 30 developed countries
and more than 10 developing countries have set national targets to
develop renewable energy.
It is widely acknowledged that the issue of energy concerns every
country and calls for joint efforts of the international community. It is
our common choice to intensify international S&T cooperation and
vigorously develop new and renewable energy so as to enhance
energy supply, save energy and reduce consumption, safeguard
energy security, cut down greenhouse gas emissions, foster the
low-carbon economy, and ensure sustainable socio-economic
development. The enforcement of the Kyoto Protocol and the Clean
Development Mechanism (CDM) has substantially invigorated
the international cooperation on new and renewable energy. With
growing public understanding and acceptance of the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) , more and
more countries and international organizations will come to support
0 可再生能源与新能源国际科技合作计划
背景
合作提供了强大动力。随着人们对联合国《气候变化公
约》的深入理解和广泛接受，发展可再生能源与新能源
将会得到更多国家和国际组织的认同与支持。中国政府
为促进可再生能源与新能源的发展，出台了一系列的政
策与法规，公布实施了《可再生能源法》、《国家中长
期科学技术发展规划纲要（2006-2020年》，编制完成了
《可再生能源中长期发展规划》等，为中国发展可再生
能源与新能源提供了良好的制度环境，也为国际科技合
作创造了有利条件。
International Science and Technology
Cooperation Program on New and Renewable Energy 0
Background
the development of new and renewable energy. The Chinese
government has promulgated a series of laws and policies such as the
Law on Renewable Energy and the Outline of National Medium- and
Long-term Science and Technology Development Plan (2006-2020) ,
and formulated the Medium- and Long-Term Renewable Energy
Development Plan . Those are efforts aimed at creating a favorable
environment for tapping new energy and renewables in China and
facilitating international S&T cooperation.
0 可再生能源与新能源国际科技合作计划
宗旨
二、宗旨
通过国际科技合作向国际社会展示中国依靠科技创
新，积极发展可再生能源与新能源、减少温室气体排放和
建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会的决心，以及携手解决
世界未来能源问题的努力；通过选择国际领先和国内急需
的可再生能源与新能源科学技术开展国际科技合作，拓宽
引进先进技术的渠道，促进发达国家先进技术向发展中国
家转移以及发展中国家之间的技术转移，建立国际交流平
台，支持我国先进、实用的能源技术走向国际市场，推动
可再生能源与新能源科学技术的整体发展，促进各国先进
技术的融合；通过国际科技交流合作，积极引进可再生能
源与新能源的技术人才，提高中国可再生能源与新能源的
基础研究水平，解决可再生能源与新能源发展中的关键科
技问题；发展可再生能源与新能源产业，提高能源利用效
率，推进规模化利用程度，有效降低可再生能源与新能源
的使用成本；建立中国与世界各国政府、企业和科研机构
之间的对话、协商和沟通机制。
International Science and Technology
Cooperation Program on New and Renewable Energy 0
Purposes
II. Purposes
Through international S&T cooperation, China will demonstrate to
the international community her determination to explore new and
renewable energy, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and build
a resource-conserving and environment-friendly society by S&T
innovation. China is also committed to joining hands with the world
in facing up to the future energy challenges. China will do her best
in the international efforts in developing world-class technologies for
new and renewable energy, and introduce technologies that meet
the urgent demand at home. The aim is to broaden channels for
technology introduction and facilitate the transfer of such technologies
from the developed to developing countries and among developing
countries as well. A platform for international exchanges is also to be
established to promote China’s advanced and appropriate energy
technologies to the global market, energize the overall S&T advances
in new and renewable energy and help create a synergy of advanced
technologies. International S&T cooperation is expected to bolster
China’s efforts to introduce technical professionals, upgrade the level
of basic research, and resolve key S&T issues in the field of new and
renewable energy. Moreover, such cooperation is to provide impetus
to the new and renewable energy industry, improve energy efficiency,
enhance large-scale use of new energies, and effectively bring down
their costs. Meanwhile, mechanisms for dialogue, consultation and
communication should be put in place to connect China with foreign
authorities, enterprises and research bodies.
10 可再生能源与新能源国际科技合作计划
原则
三、原则
合作互利共赢。结合世界各国可再生能源与新能源
的优势和特点，按照国际惯例，在科技领域广泛开展双
边和多边合作，互惠互利，合作共赢。
保护知识产权。在可再生能源与新能源的国际科技
合作中，要加强有利于科技进步和科技创新，有利于科技
成果的转化、应用和推广的先进技术的知识产权保护。
先进技术共享。在保护各自知识产权的基础上，加
强各国在可再生能源与新能源基础研究、技术研发、示
范和应用方面的交流与合作，鼓励我国先进新能源技术
进入国际交流平台，促进先进技术和科技资源共享。
集成优势资源。通过“引进来”、“走出去”和其
他新的资源组织方式，充分利用国际、国内两种资源，
提升中国可再生能源产业的技术水平和创新能力，同时
为国际新能源技术推广应用做出贡献。
开展技术创新。通过国际科技合作开展技术创新，
开发高效与环境友好的能源利用新技术，提高能源利用
的总体水平，推动能源新结构的转型与发展。
International Science and Technology
Cooperation Program on New and Renewable Energy 11
Principles
III. Principles
Mutually Beneficial and Win-Win Cooperation Bilateral and/or
multilateral S&T cooperation will be conducted in line with international norms
and by taking into account the advantages and characteristics of different
countries for the purpose of a mutually beneficial and win-win scenario.
Protection of Intellectual Property Rights The international S&T
cooperation in new and renewable energy should strengthen the
protection of intellectual property rights(IPR) of advanced technologies
that serve S&T progress and innovation, and the transformation,
application and dissemination of S&T achievements.
Sharing of Advanced Technologies On the basis that each party
protects its own IPR, exchanges and cooperation should be intensified
in the field of new and renewable energy, including basic research,
technology R&D, demonstration and application. The introduction
of China’s advanced technologies to the international exchange
platform should be encouraged and the sharing of the state-of-the-art
technologies and S&T resources should be promoted.
Integration of Strengths The “invite-in” and “go-out” endeavors,
along with other new approaches to mobilizing resources, should make
the best of resources at home and abroad to upgrade the technical level
and innovativeness of China’s renewable energy industry, and promote
the application of the world’s new energy technologies.
Technological Innovation International S&T cooperation is to
expedite technological innovation, develop new technologies that
utilize energy in an efficient and environment-friendly manner,
improve the comprehensive utilization of energy, and stimulate the
transformation towards new energy structures.
12 可再生能源与新能源国际科技合作计划
目标
四、目标
发展新的国际交流与合作模式，促进各国技术优
势互补，建立技术合作平台。在吸引国外先进技术向
中国转移的同时推动中国的先进技术走出去，加强与
发展中国家的科技合作；制定可再生能源与新能源国
际交流与合作技术指南，参与国际可再生能源与新能
源技术标准规范的制定；促进可再生能源与新能源技
术的引进、消化、吸收和再创新，与国外联合建立先
进技术应用示范项目；以企业为主体，强化产学研合
作，加快可再生能源与新能源科研成果的转化；建立
与发展一批大的示范项目，促进可再生能源与新能源
技术创新；因地制宜、多元化发展，建立可再生能源
与新能源国际科技合作基地，推进可再生能源与新能
源规模化发展；合作培养从事可再生能源与新能源研
究与开发的高层次专业人才队伍。
International Science and Technology
Cooperation Program on New and Renewable Energy 13
Objectives
IV. Objectives
Efforts should be made to develop new patterns for international
exchanges and cooperation, encourage countries to complement each
other with respective technological strengths, and set up a platform for
technological cooperation. When attracting the transfer of advanced
foreign technologies, China should also promote her advanced
technologies abroad and further the S&T ties with other developing
countries. A technical guide on the international interaction of new
and renewable energy will be formulated and China will take part in
setting the world’s technical standards. China is to do a better job in
introducing, digesting, and absorbing technologies from abroad, and
conducting re-innovation in new and renewable energy by teaming
up with foreign counterparts and running demonstration projects. It
is also important for China to identify enterprises as the major player
in the fortified industry-education-academia synergy, speed up the
transformation of research findings, initiate and advance a number
of big demonstration projects, and foster technological innovation in
new and renewable energy. In view of local conditions and diversified
developments, bases for international S&T cooperation in new
and renewable energy should be established to foster large-scale
development. Joint training will be carried out to nurture high-caliber
professionals for the R&D in the field of new and renewable energy.
14 可再生能源与新能源国际科技合作计划
优先领域
五、优先领域
重点支持以下领域的基础科学与应用技术研究。
（1）太阳能发电与太阳能建筑一体化
太阳能光热发电和光伏发电系统，薄膜太阳能电池
和其它新型太阳能电池，太阳能综合建筑，低成本、低
污染太阳能高纯硅材料生产技术，太阳能热利用技术工
业应用等。
（2）生物质燃料与生物质发电
非粮能源作物、纤维素原料乙醇、能源林业植物、生
物柴油、生物质成型燃料、生物质气化、沼气及发电等。
（3）风力发电
风能资源评估，大型高效风电机组，海上风电机组
及风电场建设等。
（4）氢能及燃料电池
制氢（太阳能、核能等）、储氢和输氢技术，新型
燃料电池与燃料电池汽车技术等。
（5）天然气水合物开发
天然气水合物勘探、开发、储运、利用技术等。
International Science and Technology
Cooperation Program on New and Renewable Energy 15
Priority Areas
V. Priority Areas
Support will be provided primarily to research on basic science and
applied technologies in the following fields:
1. Integration of Solar Power Generation and Solarpowered
Building Structures
solar thermal/photovoltaic power generation systems, thin-film PV
cells and other new types of PV cells, buildings integrated with solar
energy, low-cost and low-pollution production technology of high-purity
silicon materials, the industrial application of solar thermal technology
and so on.
2. Biomass Fuels and Biomass Power Generation
Non-food energy crops and ethanol from cellulose materials, energy
forestry, bio-diesel, biomass briquettes and biomass gasification,
biogas and power generation, and so on.
3. Wind Power Generation
Wind energy resources assessment, large high efficiency wind
turbines, offshore wind turbines and the building of wind farms.
4. Hydrogen Energy and Fuel Cells
Technologies for the production, storage and transportation of
hydrogen, and technologies for new types of fuel cells and fuel cell
automobiles.
5. Development of Gas Hydrates
Technologies for the exploration, development, storage, transportation,
and utilization of gas hydrates.
16 可再生能源与新能源国际科技合作计划
重点任务
六、重点任务
（1）开展基础研究
鼓励和支持中国研发机构与大学积极参与可再生能
源与新能源的国际合作研究与交流，开展新技术的基础
理论研究，显著增强基础科学和前沿技术研究的综合实
力，取得一批在世界上具有重大影响的科技理论成果。
（2）建立产业化示范
重点跟踪、引进和研究国际适宜低成本、规模化开发
利用可再生能源与新能源的先进技术，开展可再生能源资
源禀赋的系统评价及分布式可再生能源与新能源多能互补
系统等研发工作。可再生能源与新能源的发展是以现代制
造技术为基础的新型产业，因此要重点合作开发其装备设
计与制造技术，合作建立国际化的检测中心。
（3）面向规模应用
积极参与制定可再生能源与新能源的国际化和地区
性技术标准与规范，为新产品进入市场提前做好准备。
International Science and Technology
Cooperation Program on New and Renewable Energy 17
Major Tasks
VI. Major Tasks
1. Basic Research
Efforts should be made to encourage and support the active
participation of Chinese research institutes and universities in
international joint research and exchanges concerning new and
renewable energy, carry out basic theoretical studies on new
technologies, substantially enhance the overall capacity in basic
sciences and frontier technology studies, and accomplish a number of
S&T theoretical findings that are of high global impacts.
2. Industrial Demonstration
China is to stay focused on tracking, introducing and studying
advanced technologies that serve the cost-effective and large-scale
development and utilization of new and renewable energy, conduct
system appraisal of renewable resources endowment, and devote
R&D efforts to the distributed new and renewable energy systems
that provide multiple, mutually reinforcing forms of new energy. Given
that new and renewable energy presents a new type of industry that
is based on modern manufacturing technology, one cooperation
priority is to develop technologies for the design and manufacturing of
equipment, and set up international testing centers.
3. Scale Application
Play an active role in setting international and regional technical
standards related to new and renewable energy, and prepare for the
18 可再生能源与新能源国际科技合作计划
重点任务
交流和借鉴国外发展可再生能源与新能源的规划、政策
及管理经验，建立和完善中国的法规与管理制度。
（4）实施“走出去”战略
鼓励中国企业、研发机构和大学走出去，积极参与
国内外大型可再生能源与新能源合作项目，并在国内外
合作建立研发中心或基地，与有关国家建立可再生能源
与新能源长期合作伙伴关系，同时推动发达国家向发展
中国家及发展中国家之间的技术转移。
（5）促进国际交流和对话
建立与发展可再生能源与新能源国际科技合作对话
机制，交流在能源开发与利用方面的观点和经验，共同
探讨解决发展瓶颈的方法与策略。以论坛、研讨会、政
策对话等形式加强中国与世界各国政府、企业和科研机
构之间的对话、协商和沟通。
（6）培养高层次人才
利用合作研究项目、合作研究中心和示范工程等国
际科技合作交流平台，共同培养从事可再生能源与新能
源研发的高层次专业人才队伍。
International Science and Technology
Cooperation Program on New and Renewable Energy 19
Major Tasks
market entry of new products. Collaborate with foreign counterparts
and draw on their managerial expertise and experience in making
plans and policies for new and renewable energy, with a view to
establish and improve a Chinese regulatory and management system.
4. Pursue the “Go-out” Strategy
Efforts should be made to motivate Chinese enterprises, research
institutes and universities to go global and play active roles in big
cooperative projects in new and renewable energy, build up joint
R&D centers or bases, forge long-term cooperative partnerships with
countries concerned in this field, and stimulate technology transfer
from the developed to developing countries and among developing
countries.
5. Promote International Exchanges and Dialogues
It is important to develop dialogue mechanisms for international S&T
cooperation in new and renewable energy, in order to exchange ideas
of energy development and utilization, and pool efforts to look for
solutions to bottlenecks. Through various channels such as forums,
seminars and policy dialogues, China will be more engaged in the
dialogue, consultation and communication with foreign authorities,
enterprises and research bodies.
6. Nurture High-caliber Professionals
By taking advantage of joint research projects, joint R&D centers,
demonstration projects and other platforms for international S&T
cooperation, China aims to team up with foreign counterparts to
nurture high-caliber professionals for the R&D in the field of new and
renewable energy.
20 可再生能源与新能源国际科技合作计划
组织与管理
七、组织与管理
（1）成立计划组织机构
由国家科技部与国家发展与改革委联合协调有关
政府部门、国际组织和重要科研机构，组织实施“计
划”。成立“计划”国际科技合作指导委员会，启动国
际合作机制。
由科技部和国家发展与改革委联合组织，在全球范
围内聘请可再生能源领域的高层次专家，成立“计划”
国际科技合作专家咨询委员会，对“计划”的优先领
域、重点任务和合作方式提出咨询建议，供指导委员会
决策。
（2）设立专项资金
将安排专项资金启动“计划”，吸引外国政府和国
际组织的资金共同推动“计划”实施。同时重视吸引国
际大型能源企业以及其他企业和私营资本投入可再生能
源与新能源国际科技合作。
International Science and Technology
Cooperation Program on New and Renewable Energy 21
Organization and Management
VII. Organization and Management
1. Setting up an Organizing Agency
The implementation of the Program will be jointly organized by
the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) and the National
Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) of China, and carried
out by government agencies, international organizations and major
research institutes. A Steering Committee on International S&T
Cooperation will be established for the Program to initiate international
endeavors. MOST and NDRC will extend worldwide invitations to
high-level experts on new and renewable energy in a bid to establish
an Expert Consultation Committee on International S&T Cooperation
to provide the Steering Committee with suggestions on priority fields,
major tasks, and cooperation patterns of the Program.
2. Special Funds
Special funds will be arranged for the launch of the Program with
a view to attracting financial input from foreign governments and
international organizations for the implementation of the Program.
Equal attention will be given to soliciting private capital and investment
from the business sector, especially the international energy giants,
for the purpose of stimulating international S&T cooperation in the
field of new and renewable energy.
